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Oral Cancer

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What is Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer refers to the abnormal growth of malignant cells in the tissues of the mouth or throat. It can develop in various parts of the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, tongue, cheeks, roof of the mouth, and the floor of the mouth. It’s a serious condition that requires early detection and prompt treatment.

Causes of Oral Cancer

Several factors can contribute to the development of oral cancer, including:

  • Tobacco use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or using smokeless tobacco significantly increases the risk.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking can raise the likelihood of developing oral cancer.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain strains of HPV have been linked to oral cancer.
  • Prolonged sun exposure: Extended exposure to the sun, particularly affecting the lips, can lead to oral cancer.
  • Weakened immune system: A compromised immune system can make an individual more susceptible.
  • Family history of cancer: A genetic predisposition can increase the risk.

Symptoms of Oral Cancer

Common signs and symptoms include:

  • Persistent mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal.
  • A lump or thickening in the cheek or mouth.
  • Red or white patches on the gums, tongue, or mouth lining.
  • Difficulty swallowing or a persistent sore throat.
  • Unexplained bleeding in the mouth.
  • Numbness or pain in any part of the mouth or lips.
  • Changes in voice or difficulty speaking.

Treatment of Oral Cancer

The treatment options for oral cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer:

  • Surgery: To remove cancerous growths or affected tissues.
  • Radiotherapy: Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Administering drugs to kill cancer cells.
  • Targeted therapy: Using medications that specifically target cancer cells.
  • Rehabilitation: Speech therapy and dietary changes may be necessary post-treatment.

Early diagnosis and intervention greatly improve the prognosis for oral cancer.

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