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Gingivitis Periodontitis

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What is Gingivitis and Periodontitis?

Gingivitis and periodontitis are common forms of gum disease that affect the tissues surrounding the teeth. Gingivitis is the initial stage, characterised by inflammation of the gums, while periodontitis is a more severe condition that can lead to tooth loss.

Causes

  • Plaque Accumulation: The primary cause is the buildup of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—on teeth.
  • Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to harden into tartar.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use significantly increases the risk of gum disease.
  • Hormonal Changes: Changes during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy can make gums more susceptible.
  • Medical Conditions: Diseases such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders can contribute to gum disease.

Symptoms

  • Red, Swollen Gums: Gums appear inflamed and may bleed easily when brushing or flossing.
  • Bad Breath: Persistent foul breath can indicate gum disease.
  • Receding Gums: Gums may pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that can trap bacteria.
  • Loose Teeth: In advanced cases, teeth may feel loose due to loss of supporting bone.
  • Pain: Discomfort or pain in the gums can occur, especially when chewing.

Treatment:

  • Professional Cleaning: A dental professional will remove plaque and tartar through scaling and polishing.
  • Improved Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing and flossing are essential to prevent recurrence.
  • Antibiotics: Prescribed to help eliminate bacteria, especially in severe cases.
  • Surgical Procedures: In advanced periodontitis, surgical intervention may be necessary to restore gum health and bone support.
  • Regular Check-ups: Frequent dental visits help monitor and maintain gum health.

For optimal oral health, addressing gingivitis and periodontitis promptly is crucial. Regular dental care and good hygiene practices can significantly reduce the risk of these conditions.

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